Seeing the situations that over rule an administration

Seeing the situations that over rule an administration everyday makes an administrator of the school wonder with regards which part of education does the institution still needs to work with besides the aspect of student achievement. It could not be denied that the institution has already reached its peak aim of producing student achievers who are both academically and athletically serious about their schooling.However, besides just the idea of achieving, the proposal that follows tries to embark on the idea of making certain changes with regards the morality of the students as this is one of the most neglected areas of importance in the institution. PRESENTING ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT MODELS IN A SCHOOL ALREADY CITED FOR HIGH STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT Section 1: Introduction 1. 1 Background of the Study The schools and other educational institutions today are facing large problems regarding the issue on the students’ lack of self discipline resulting to under-achievements of the stud ents in the school as well as violence within the school premises.How close are these two issues related to each other? Mostly, the age-stage of which the student enters when he attends secondary school is ranged as the puberty stage of an individual’s growth. According to psychologists, this particular stage of growth introduces an individual to several major decisions that he has to face along the way towards his maturity. Hence, confusion of priorities and aggravation of depression through the environment occurs (Coon, 1999, 88).As reports could attest to this fact, it is not that hard to understand that there is an essential need of restructuring the procedures of the school when it comes to disciplining students who are attending secondary education. This is the reason why the researcher of this paper opted to discuss the issue mentioned. The timeliness of the research would indeed help in solving the problems at present especially with regards the issues of education, d iscipline and student achievements. 1. 2 Significance of the ProblemThe problem as mentioned earlier directly affects the achievements of the students in their schools. This means that because of the lack of discipline, the students of the secondary school level face the challenges of being misaligned when it comes to their focus and at some point become highly attracted to drugs and violence. This is the fact when it comes to school procedures. The actual reports that pertain to the said issue are indeed much disturbing and further more alarming to the institutional boards.As most of the schools affected by this dilemma are public educational institutions at [79%] whilst Private schools are affected by at least [45%], it is indeed necessary to identify the reasons behind the incidents that lead to students’ lesser interest in school and a higher rate of attraction towards drugs and violence. Through the proceedings of this particular research, it is expected that the reasons behind the ongoing issue in schools would be further regulated and controlled by institutional administrations through the use of psychological and psychosocial motivation.1. 3 Research Questions To be bale to attend to the most important issues related to this particular problem, the researcher decided to use the following questions as guidelines for the completion of this particular study: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚     What are the primary sources of the discipline of the students? Do those sources pertain to the personal or the social connection of the students to the society? †¢Ã‚  Ã‚     How are students reacting to the discipline that they learn from their homes and from their environment?What are the elements that are so far affecting the vision of the students towards their achievements in school as well as towards their future? †¢Ã‚  Ã‚     How are drugs and violence related to the effects of lack of discipline among students? These particular questions shall serve as the primary foundation of the study. These questions shall be the settling ground of the researcher in finding the right sources for the completion of this paper as well as deciding on the right method to be used to collect actual data for the validation of this study. 1. 4 Purpose of the StudyTo add up to the stress that this study places on the topic to be discussed in this paper, the following presentation of the purposes would primarily support the existing statements of the problem to assist in the validation of the facts that are to be presented. The purposes of this study are: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚     TO assist the ongoing researches on school students’ discipline issues and help the institutions solve the impending results of the said problems. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚     To make assessments on how the issues could be investigated through the use of psychological assessments and actual-report-based evaluations of the situation.†¢Ã‚  Ã‚      To strengthen the procedures of s tudent motivation that is already currently used in schools in the society today. The utilization of these purposes within the completion of this study certainly helps in aligning the focus of the researcher. Hence, by doing so, the researcher expects that the focus would be on the cycle of events that involve The source of discipline, the results of the influential elements of the environment to the discipline of the students and the future of the students afterwards. Section 2: Literature Review 2. 1 What Psychology Says and how Anthropology RelatesBoth psychology and anthropology concentrate on the behavioral study of humans. Through the use of the said studies, the reasons behind the occurring behaviors of students in secondary school could be well identified. With regards the issue on discipline and how it affects the students, Psychologists claim that the situation is much controlled by the upbringing of the students. The original discipline that they receive from their homes are supposed to be the basis of why they act the way they do when they are already mingling with their peers or with the society as it is.(Coon, 1999, 89) Moreover, girls of the same age are differently reacting to the discipline that they receive from their homes compared to that of the boys. Anthropological studies attest to the claims of psychology as the said field of human understanding particularly points out the instance by which the discipline received by students from their homes are directly affected by the elements of the environment when they already begin to mingle with their peers or the society. As mentioned earlier, the effects vary.To young girls, the discipline that they receive from their homes are more likely more evident in their system of dealing with others as young girls are expected to be more emotionally and personally attached to the their families compare to that of the boys who are at some point more affected by the elements of change that they encounter in dealing with other people especially with their peers (Coon, 1999, 90). Knowing the sources of the discipline, it is essential to evaluate the claims of both psychology and anthropology through the use of the actual reports that are further presented for better understanding of the readers.

Accounting treatment for inventory and loans

Runing Head: Fiscal Accounting Work 1 Your name: Course name: Professors’ name: Date Part A QUESTION ONEDetermine whether or non Large Mart would lawfully be allowed to alter its stock list cost flow premise from FIFO to Weighted-Average-Cost, and what ( if any ) legal demands would restrict Large Mart’s ability to do this alteration.Large Mart is lawfully allowed to alter its stock list accounting system from FIFO to leaden mean cost method. Harmonizing to International Financial Reporting Standards, an entity shall alter its policies merely if the alteration consequences in fiscal statements supplying dependable and more efficient information about effects of minutess, events or conditions on entity’s fiscal place and hard currency flows. The alteration should be adopted retrospectively pregnant accommodations should be made as if the new policy has ever been in being ( Hussey, 2010 ) . Disclosure should be made on the ground for alteration in policy, sum of alteration for current period and anterior periods.IRS allows one to take an stock list accounting po licy but requires the entity to utilize it systematically twelvemonth to twelvemonth. However, the IRS mandates the company to use stock list alterations method. In such a instance, the IRS must be informed in order to get permission for revenue enhancement twelvemonth when the initial execution of the new method of stock list cost was done ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) . As such, it is required that Form 3115 of the IRS be completed and submitted at the beginning of the twelvemonth when the alteration was initiated ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) . The alteration should be attached to revenue enhancement return for the twelvemonth in order for the alterations to take topographic point. More so, the concern must hold been ongoing for at least one twelvemonth.Discuss what impact ( if any ) a alteration from the FIFO cost flow premise to the Weighted-Average cost flow premise would hold on the fiscal place ( balance sheet ) of Large Mart. PLEASE NOTE: You are Not required to cipher the sum of impact of this alteration on the balance sheet. Alternatively, delight disco urse the POTENTIAL impacts of such a alteration in general.First in first out FIFO usually considers that the stock list bought is the stock list that should be sold foremost. As internal operations of the company continues, the FIFO calculates the existent cost. This is of import for merchandises that have a comparatively shorter shelf life, such merchandises are food markets. As such FIFO allows realisation of both cost and net income incurred on a merchandise. This besides applies in the fabrication industry because FIFO helps in accounting for the cost of the natural stuffs every bit good as the cost incurred in selling every merchandise and therefore the net income ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) . If FIFO is used but the stock list is damaged or destroyed in any manner, one should cognize precisely the loss in order to account for its value. Nonetheless, FIFO gives the merchandise cost for each merchandise manufactured. If the natural stuffs for the two units vary, so each of these units will hold different cost. If the cost of marked up to acquire the merchandising monetary value, the units will hold changing selling procedure ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) . Average Costing Method The monetary values can be set based on the mean stock list cost by increasing the monetary value of the norm. This allows for a lower net income border for expensive stock list. Despite the fact that there will be a lower net income border, this will be addressed by the higher net income border on the side of lower-cost stock list. This is specifically good for companies that are used to blending their stock lists as they come. This method is applied for mean net income degrees every bit good as mean nonexempt income. It besides works good in delegating the mean cost of production of a given merchandise every bit good as when the stock lists are assorted this non possible to delegate a given cost to a unit. One chief disadvantage of the mean costing method is the commixture of the stock list and hence doing it hard to account for every merchandise particularly merchandises which cost higher ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) . In the event that some stock list bought has to be returned, the mean will be inaccurate utilizing this method. As such, the bing stock list may be sold for a lower monetary value grade in order to do a sensible monetary value. Further to this, in the event that some stock list is to be disposed by using price reductions, it should be based on the mean cost. Notably, some will be sold at a loss because their purchasing monetary value will be higher than others. In this event, the full stock list must be sold in order to acquire the norm cost back. Impact on The Balance Sheet FIFO usually reports higher stock list in current assets and therefore a higher current ratio. In the period of worsening cost of stuffs. FIFO leads to a higher cost of goods sold, lower net income and accordingly lower income revenue enhancement. The stock list method that is employed by a company in the event of a profitableness ratio, the balance sheet is affected. As a consequence, the current ratio is higher, ( the current ratio is computed by spliting the current assets with the current liabilities ) ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) .. On the contrary, a company using the norm weighted cost on the other manus studies an mean stoping stock list. This produces current ration. More so, the stockholders equity is higher in this instance under FIFO method since the norm weighted method outputs a average plus base ( plus less liabilities leads to a higher FIFO ) . In add-on, other balance sheet ratios to see include, plus turnover ( gross revenues divided by assets ) , return of equit y ( net income divided by average amount of assets ) , and stock list turnover ( COGS divided by the average stock lists ) ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) . QUESTION TWO a )Explain how Large Mart must account for the depreciation of the equipment that was used in the edifice of the new machinery AND explicate why this intervention is required. Large Mart should handle depreciation as a concern disbursal for the twelvemonth and therefore bear down it to the net income and loss history. This is because it was incurred in the class of enlargement of concern. Since the depreciation disbursal belongs to 4 months of concern, every month is allocated an disbursal utilizing the consecutive line method ( Hussey, 2010 ) . This is necessary so that the right disbursal of depreciation is charged every monthExplain how Large Mart must account for the loan every bit good as the payment of involvement during the clip that the new machinery was built AND explicate why this intervention is required.Large Mart should account and enter the burden in general leger. First, it should debit the vase for the sum of burden which were given out by the company every bit good as the recognition short-run notes which are collectible for the part that is non to be paid during that fiscal twelvemonth ( Hussey, 2010 ) .Because the entire sum of loan is d ue to be paid back in less than a twelvemonth, there is no demand for long-run note collectible. Normally, there will be occasional monthly payments. When these payments are made, two variables to be considered are involvement and rule ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) . Principle refers to the original sum borrowed while the involvement is the cost incurred as a consequence of the adoption which is calculated based on the outstanding sum each twelvemonth. Entries are usually made by debiting notes collectible for the rule sum ( Hussey, 2010 ) . As such this is achieved by debiting involvement disbursal for the sum collectible and crediting for the entire payments. Part B( 0.5 Markss )1/5/201x Dr Computer a/c 5000 Cr Cash a/c 3500 Cr Discount received 1500 To enter purchase of computing machine in hard currency 2/5/201x Dr. Cash a/c 3500 Dr. price reduction received 1500 Cr Computer 5000 To enter return of computing machine to seller and forfeiture of price reduction 2 ) ( 1 grade ) – Cost of car= 45000 + 1000 = $ 46000 11/5/201x Dr. Car a/c $ 46000 Cr. Creditor/Vendor a/c $ 46000 To enter purchase of a auto on recognition 20/5/201x Dr. Car a/c $ 48000 Cr. Creditor $ 46000 Cr. Cash ( painting logo ) $ 2000 To enter purchase of auto and bringing 1/6/201x Dr. Creditor a/c $ 46000 Cr. Discount received $ 2300 Cr. Cash $ 43700 To enter payment to creditor. 3 ) ( 1.5 Markss ) – Before reappraisal ; Cost of the car= $ 48000 Depreciation =48000-2000 7 = $ 6571 per annum After reappraisal ; Cost of the auto = $ 46000 Depreciation=46000-2000 7 = $ 6286 per annum Reappraisal therefore has an consequence on depreciation as it has decreased depreciation disbursal from sh. 6571 to sh. 6286 per annum To enter consequence of reappraisal 1/7/201x Dr Car a/c $ 46000 Dr. Loss on reappraisal $ 2000 Cr. Car $ 48000 Mentions Elliott, B. , & A ; Elliott, J. ( 2008 ) .Fiscal Accounting and Reporting. New York, NY: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Hussey, R. ( 2010 ) .Fundamentalss of International Financial Accounting and Reporting. Michigan: World Scientific.

Internet Freedom and Democracy

Internet Freedom and Democracy Recently people more aware about real democracy because technological developments and internet help people who access the internet simultaneously. Especially internet has a great contribition. Internet’s most important two features which are pure information and easy accessibility are gift from network developers to general public. Some believes that this intervention is very helpful for humanity and some others argues that internet will be a tool for mean and malevolent people such as terrorists,racist or pedophiles.Democracy’s most well known feature is being free as can as possible. Person who lives in democratic country can do what s/he wants to do without abusing the other people’s rights,feelings and freedoms. Accordingly on this definition , people can access to internet when they want. They can communicate with each other or surf on the internet and no one can stop users. Internet is a new way of promoting democracy. It is a new area that capable for keeping in touch with billions of people. It does not need to rest or it never dies. However this event depend on governments and authorities’ attitude towards the internet.As you imagine that, internet’s simplicity creates powerful interaction. This interaction ability leads billions of people’s attention. This interaction power and lots of people’s attention may cause a handicap for Authorities. Becouse of this great power States and Authorities want to control it. Thanks to the democracy, there is a obstacle for that. Our rights are saved by laws and governments can not inhibit our internet freedom. Let assume that all of the developing and developed countries are beindg governing with complete democracy.In this circumstance,a large amount of people can reach various imformation easily. Only one click on the mouse opens a door to the rest of the world. Jamie Metzl describes the internet as a quick and cheap way of exchanging the information. It is a great invention that people may gain information very fast and very easy. People can announce their voice and express their ideas. People may also express themselves without the internet but internet makes this process faster. Sharing ideas has become easier with internet. Because internet provides flow of informatin without any corruption or changes.For example (from Peter Brophy and Edward Helpin’s article), human rights organizations were challenging with authoritarian governments early 80’s but later internet usage has started to grow and they have gained adventage from internet. They published their articles and annunced their activities freely. In Peter Brophy and Edward Helpin’s article, Amnesty International which is an organization that protects human rights all over the world. In their Indonesia campaign , they used the online communication becouse government could not making intervention to that area.Day by day Indonesian peo ple have become more aware about their rights and resisted to government’s human rights abuses. Briefly , internet provides democratic rights for people. With internet’s contribitions people can understand the democracy in fast and easy way. Internet is such a great invention that it is easiest way to foster freedom. There is no militaristic pressure, police stick, or torture for readings, songs and idea expressions. It means that there is no this kind of scary affects for being free. People know that they can read, listen or say what they want with internet.This is the main reason for internet’s popularity. Completely democratic countries have been allowing flow of information for many years. Except democratic and liberal countries’ citizens, people couldn’t express themselves freely before the invention of the internet. For example; in Turkey, in early 80’s lots of author was imprisoned by military because of their ideologies and books. Al so military was burning ideological books. Even today Turkish citizens aren’t recognizing the complete freedom. However, it changed recently. Lately 90’s internet has become popular and there was no limitation for it.That interval was the pure freedom for internet users. It is a fact that, only way for spread of an idea is communication. Frequency, power and speed of communication are directly proportional with dissemination of idea or information. A user’s idea could be effective on the other user. Different thoughts could become an ideology at the internet. For example; a couple months ago Turkish government has started to applying safe-internet which is software for limiting the internet. Popular bloggers wrote articles about it and they raise awareness about this law.Firstly bloggers and a lot of users protest this issue on web but it didn’t be effective. After that bloggers planned a real protest at streets. They invited both internet users and civil public to strike this issue. Thousands of people responded this call and they protest that law because, government tried to abuse their internet freedom. However, some people argue that internet isn’t kind of a tool that helpful for democratic developments. In dictatorships and non-democratic countries internet doesn’t work properly while process of promoting the democracy.Censorship issue and authoritarian pressures prevent flow of information. Not only civil people use the internet. Governments have their own websites or blogs. Public’s internet is being limited with same technology by governments. Civilian programmers call that the Censor ware. There are lots of ways for blocking or limiting access to websites. Most well-known are Web filters which programmed by states’ programmers. Another one is blocking the website. Jonathan Strickland mentioned this issue in his article. For Strickland, Governments block access to the web pages they identify as un desirable.Undesirable means that the websites which criticizes the state’s ideology or contrary with government’s activities. As a result, these actions cause a counter belief for internet’s democracy foster power. In conclusion, many people believe that internet is accelerating the freedom and democracy in most of the countries. A few people disagreeing with that but generally thought of internet’s contributions to democracy is positive. Two main features of this technology are helping people which are fast and easy and fast accessibility and not corrupted information.

ITEC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ITEC - Essay Example The best feature of videoconferencing is that it provides the users with the opportunity to conduct group meetings. This is why teleconferencing is also called as groupware or visual collaboration. Videoconferencing is of immense value and importance in business. The technology is particularly useful for joint ventures where the business partners are away from each other but feel the need to interact and communicate with each other frequently to discuss the on-going and future business plans and strategies. While the invention of mobile phones served this purpose to a large extent, but still the addition of body language made possible by videoconferencing enhances the quality of interaction manifolds. Obviation of the need to travel to attend the meetings saves a lot of time, money, and energy of the businessmen. Videoconferencing has helped business entrepreneurs make the work flexible for the employees so that their productivity is enhanced. Employees can deliver the work staying at their home by using telecommuting. This provides them with a way to do multi-tasking, thus contributing to the

History before 1877 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History before 1877 - Essay Example However, the heavy taxation established American Revolution and resistance. Many British subjects opposed the heavy taxation laws on American colonies due to the inherent burden experienced by the latter. The consequent effects of heavy taxation initiated the existing debate, caused resistance and revolution of American colonies. The main fundamental rationale why American colonies objected acts established by the British government relates to their expensiveness and unfair policies. Taxes on sugar products and policies including Molasses Act were too expensive and unbearable to British subjects. Moreover, the court trial systems o the British government had become corrupt and could charge Americans wrongly for smuggling sugar. Massacre refers to brutal and indiscriminate slaughter of individuals or violet and deliberate killing of a large number of people. Though Boston massacre did not involve a large number of persons but five individuals, it stills stands as a massacre mainly because of its indiscriminate and brutal manner. It was a cold-blooded massacre accomplished without prior judgment. The soldiers acted in self-defense killing three Americans instantly and wounding others. Self-defense of the soldiers after being insulted and abused by rioting Americans proved their innocence in the existing courts. The modern court systems seek for prevalence of justice for all citizens in authority and civilians. The legal systems underscore inhumane acts and consequently punish it. Similarly, the ancient court as shown during Boston massacre case sought for prevalence of justice (Preston 1). The court’s case left a legacy of justice for the civil servants including soldiers. However, it increased the debate of citizens’ legal defense and human rights activism against brutal killing of demonstrating

A Critique of the relationship between power and desire in Foucaults Essay

A Critique of the relationship between power and desire in Foucaults analyses of the Repressive Hypothesis - Essay Example As he argues in the opening of his seminal work, â€Å"for a long time, the story goes, we supported a Victorian regime, and we continued to be dominated by it even today . . . thus the image of the imperial prude is emblazoned on out retrained, mute, and hypocritical sexuality† (Foucault, 1990, p.1). According to the traditional view of â€Å"repression† (one that Foucault palces firmly within a Freudian context), the Victorians were â€Å"repressed† and we in the modern age, with constant talk of sexuality and a relative openness regarding the subject, have broken free of that repression. Sexuality had power over the Victorians through its denial, the modern age is freed from these shackles. This Foucault presents as the traditional view of sexual repression, and also of power. For Foucault power is not â€Å"a general system of domination exercised by one element or one group over another, whose effect . . . traverse the entire body social . . . .†. Foucault’s view of power is one in which â€Å"the condition of the possibility of power . .. should not be sought in the primary existence of a central point . . . it is the moving based of locations of force that incessantly induce, by their inequality, states of power, but always local and unstableâ €  (p.121-122). Foucault’s view of â€Å"power† is of a force that is not centered within a particular individual or group (however much that may appear to be the case), but rather as something that is separate from human beings and transfers between different groups, individuals, ideas, spaces and times according to a system that is essentially unstable. This has a direct influence upon both repression and desire. The traditional view has it that when a sexuality appeared which â€Å"was not ordered in terms of generation† it would â€Å"be driven out, denied, reduced to silence . . . not only did it not exist, it had not right to exist and would be made to

AIDS is a Mass Murderer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

AIDS is a Mass Murderer - Essay Example It’s spokesperson says that the ad is intended to wake up young Germans to the reality of AIDS prevalence in the country – a subject that has faded of late in public discourse. The discouraging statistics pertaining to the spread o AIDS in Germany, is warrant enough for this bold provocation, the charitable group justifies. And there is some merit in their point of view. For example, â€Å"Germans need the encouragement - the facts about HIV rates in the country are alarming. Eight people become infected with HIV in Germany every day. Across the country, 60,000 people are living with HIV.† (Moore, www.time.com, 2009) This essay will assess if the campaign would be effective if it were to be run in the United Kingdom. While the image of Adolf Hitler generates lots of unpleasant feelings in Germans, it is more so in the United Kingdom. As part of the Allied forces, the UK bore the brunt of German aggression during the Second World War. Hence, the ad is bound to do better in the UK that what it did in Germany. Similarly, the image of Joseph Stalin and Saddam Hussein too does not sit well in the British audience’ mind, for the two were enemy personalities during the Cold War and the Iraq War respectively. Moreover, young people of UK are not immune to the threat of HIV infection. In the last few decades when over 28 million people have already succumbed to the disease - this includes a percentage of the British. Each passing day, 5,000 people succumb to the condition worldwide. In this respect it is not inappropriate to call AIDS a mass murderer of our times. (Moore, www.time.com, 2009) The campaign finds relevance in the British context for other reasons too. For example, awareness about the nature and modes of transmission of the disease is not properly understood by most young people. This is despite the fact that relevant information is made available in the Internet and other media. The fact that many youth in the country do not und erstand how exactly HIV is transmitted is a cause of concern. They need to be educated about the many ways through which HIV could be transmitted from one human to another. Contact of mucous membrane during sexual intercourse is one of the common modes of transmission. Other modes include bloodstream contamination of HIV infected body fluids such as blood, vaginal fluid, semen, pre-seminal fluid, and breast milk. The infection can occur through conventional vaginal sexual intercourse or through anal, oral sexual acts. There are recorded cases of HIV infection being perpetrated through blood transfusion, transfer from mother to baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, contaminated hypodermic needles, etc. It is only through thought provoking awareness campaigns such as the one conceived by the Rainbow group that young people (including those in Britain) will get to understand the nature of the AIDS threat fully. The spread of AIDS has now assumed pandemic proportions acro ss the world. When statistics were compiled last year, as many as thirty three million people worldwide were afflicted with this condition, of which close to ten percent eventually died. The more worrying aspect is the fact that a significant portion of AIDS patients are children. The region worst hit by the AIDS pandemic is sub-Saharan Africa, where economic and cultural progress is

How the Trans Alaska Pipeline Affected the Lives of the Alaskan Essay

How the Trans Alaska Pipeline Affected the Lives of the Alaskan Nativesand the company itself - Essay Example The single 48-inch (1.22 m) diameter pipeline was built between March 27, 1975 and May 31, 1977 at a cost of around US$8 billion. Five different contractors employing 21,000 people at the peak of work constructed the pipe in six sections; 31 were killed in accidents during construction (Trans Alaska Pipeline). during the course of the project (qtd. from Cowans). The obstacles faced and overcome in building the trans-Alaska pipeline are simply astounding. The harsh temperatures, rough terrain, lack of Arctic pipeline building knowledge at this time and the environmental concerns of a pipeline had to all be considered in making this project a success. In 1994, the American Society of Civil Engineers named the Alaska pipeline one of the "Seven Wonders of the United States". Their list includes the Panama Canal, Golden Gate Bridge, Hoover Dam, the Kennedy Space Center, the Interstate Highway System, and the World Trade Center (qtd. from Cowans). Along the pipeline, there are eleven pump stations, each with four pumps. Diesel or natural gas generators power each electric pump. Twelve pump stations were planned but Pump Station 11 was never built, though the southward numbering system for the pump stations retains a place for this nonexistent station. Usually only around seven stations are active at one time, and plans to replace the existing pumps with newer high-efficiency pumps may reduce the number of active stations even further (qtd. from Trans Alaska Pipeline). In areas where thaw-sensitive permafrost exists but the line must be buried, such as highway crossings or avalanche-prone areas, the pipe is encased in an insulated, refrigerated ditch. Nearby refrigeration, plants pump cold brine through 6-inch (15 cm) pipes, which absorb heat and keep the soil cooled. Other areas of burial are either conventional covered ditches or unrefrigerated but insulated ditches, depending on the sensitivity of the surrounding soil (qtd. from Trans Alaska Pipeline). The pipeline was completed on June 20, 1977 and the first oil was pumped into the pipeline. On July 8, 1977, a huge explosion destroyed Pump Station Eight. The explosion killed one worker and injured five more. Human error was attributed to the cause of the explosion. On July 19, 1977, a loader damaged a valve just south of Prudhoe Bay. Approximately 2,000 barrels of oil spilled onto the ground before the leak was stopped and repaired. On the next day, the first attempt of sabotage occurred. A section of insulation from the pipeline was torn off and supporting pipe brackets were torn from the line just north of Fairbanks. The pipeline itself was not injured and the oil continued to flow south towards Valdez. Several people were later arrested and convicted for malicious destruction of property (qtd.

Continental Airlines, Inc and McDonnell Douglas Corporation Article

Continental Airlines, Inc and McDonnell Douglas Corporation - Article Example The case was submitted to the jury. On the basis of Continental’s theories of fraud, it was taken as evidence by the jury. Supreme Court ruling Hauter v. Zogarts (1975), it was held that the promises of safety were not statements of â€Å"opinion† or just â€Å"puffing† but representations of facts. Thus, the four representations of the brochure were not opinions but statements of facts. Further, the statements made by McDonnell Douglas were material. There is substantial evidence that Douglass statements regarding Landing Gear Breakaway were material and that Continental rightly trusted them in deciding to clinch the DC-10 deal. The court viewed the evidence in the light most well disposed to the judgment, taking all reasonable inferences and not taking conflicting evidence. There was evidence as quoted in section F that the landing gear was designed to break away from the wing without rupturing the wing fuel tank, which was material and rightfully trusted by Co ntinental. It is further proved by Douglass argument that Continental must prove that a clean landing gear breakaway was a condition of its decision to purchase the DC-10, rather than the L-1011, proving that Continental trusted the statements of McDonnell Douglas. California law is quite clear about whether it constitutes fraud making reckless false representations without any consideration to the truth. It states that â€Å"[s]ince direct proof of fraudulent intent is often impossible, the intent may be established by [in]ference [216 Cal.App.3d 412] from acts of the parties.' [Citation]† Another established law is that if evidence is applicable for any purpose it must be taken into consideration, even if it may not be proper for another purpose.   California law is quite clear

Diversity in the work force. HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diversity in the work force. HR - Essay Example (Hubbard) In the modern business context, it is widely considered that the existence of diversity at the workforce and the effective management of such help in augmenting the profit position of the companies. It is seen that the diversified workforce helps in formulating strategies for marketing activities. Moreover, the diversified workforce also helps in citing effective problem-solving techniques. The diversified workforce group also enables the organization to innovate newer products and processes. The above facts are dealt with in an elaborative manner. (Hubbard) The modern practice of trade and commercial activities reflect the effect of globalization in them. It is because due to the restructuring of the communication industry the world has been reduced to a global village. Moreover, the opening up of the markets has led to the business organizations to cater to a large number of customers spread throughout the world. The global image brought about in the firms has greatly helped in increasing of sales and revenue due to widespread business expansion. The Japanese Car Manufacturing companies are becoming conscious of the fact that in United States the women consumers in the automobile segment are fast increasing. Again, the industrial sector focusing on the consumer goods segment is also widely conscious that American population is gradually being filled up with immigrants from several Asian and Latin American nations. Thus, a general advertisement or marketing strategy made for a product or service in America lapses in drawing proper atte ntion from the diversified American population. (Hubbard) The enhancement of the performance parameters of the firm based on revenue generation and profitability is increasingly related to the increased participation of the diversified workforce in problem-solving exercises. It is found that the workforce consisting of people coming

Gastric Bypass Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gastric Bypass - Term Paper Example Gastric bypass has also been determined to be more effective than dieting in case of diabetic patients. In addition, other conditions such as sleep apnea, asthma, high blood pressure, gastroesophageal disease and heart disease risk have also found to improve with weight loss. However, the surgery is also associated with many risks. Hence, following a gastric bypass, an individual will be able to feel lighter and more efficient (Bhimji). Gastric bypass surgery is mainly performed to help people reduce weight only in case of obese people who are unable to lose weight through diet and exercise. However, this bypass surgery does not guarantee permanent weight loss as both diet restrictions and exercise should be continued even after surgery. The surgery is mainly recommended for individuals who are mentally strong with an inclination to reduce weight and stay healthy and who do not consume alcohol or other drugs. In addition, their body mass index (BMI) should be more than 40 as these in dividuals tend to have a 100 pound excess weight than others. In cases where the BMI is 35 or more and if the individual suffers from problems such as apnea, diabetes and heart problems surgery is recommended for these individuals (Bhimji). Any type of gastric bypass surgery involves two basic steps: the stomach is first shortened into a shorter upper region, which is referred to as a pouch, and a larger lower section with the help of staples and then a bypass is made between the lower end of the jejunum of the small intestine and a hole created in the pouch. As the jejunum is the region of the small intestine that connects it to the stomach, food entering the small pouch of the stomach will now enter the jejunum bypassing the remaining larger portion of the stomach (Bhimji). There are two major types of gastric bypass surgery, the most commonly performed Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB) and extensive gastric bypass surgery (biliopancreatic diversion). The first type of surgery involv es connecting the pouch region of the stomach with the lower end of the jejunum thus bypassing the duodenum and the initial portion of the jejunum. This procedure is now effectively carried out by laparoscopy, which is a less invasive procedure involving smaller incisions and the recovery time is also rapid (Goldstone). Thinner surgical instruments are passed via a laparoscope to carry out the bypass. Both the hospital stay and the recovery period are quicker along with the advantage of reduced pain and lesser scars from the surgery (Bhimji). The extensive bypass procedure is a more complicated surgery in which the lower portion of the stomach is removed completely and the small pouch region of the stomach is directly connected to the last segment of the small intestine thereby bypassing both the duodenum and the jejunum regions. While this method aids in weight loss more effectively, it is also associated with nutritional deficiencies to the lack of absorption of important nutrient s (Goldstone). Both the above surgeries are carried out under general anesthesia. Following the surgery the size of the stomach will be considerably reduced and satiety levels will be reached with lesser food intake (Bhimji). Despite the various advantages associated with the surgery, it also suffers from several risks encountered either during the surgery or post-surgery. The risk of surgery increases if the individual is unable to walk even for short distances, in case

The Rise of Islamism in the 20th Century Essay Example for Free

The Rise of Islamism in the 20th Century Essay Islamism is by now a powerful force. It runs governments in Iran, Sudan, and Afghanistan. It is an important force of opposition in Algeria, Egypt, Turkey, Lebanon, and the Palestinian authority. The paper at hand is going to analyze what conditions and events allowed for the rise of Islamism as an ideology in the later 20th century? The first part is going to introduce the concept of eurocentrism. Following this, Kemalism and its effect on Islamism is going to be discussed. In the last part of the paper post-modernism and Khomeini and their role in the rise of Islamism are highlighted. EUROCENTRISM Eurocentrism can be described as a phenomenon establishing the West as the center of the world by equating it with modernity and as a result make it the destiny of the world to become westernized, since this is equal with being modern. This development is based on the idea that the West knows best (Sayyid, 127). This concept has its historical roots in European colonialism and imperialism. The discourse of eurocentrism is one of the major strands with which the network of western global power is held together (p. 129), since it provides them with a sense of nity and power, which serves as legitimacy for claiming to be the center of the world. Opposition that wants to resist this hegemonic order, can do so only in the terms of that hegemony. This leads to another assumption of eurocentrism: there is nothing outside the Western project. (p. 135) KEMALISM After the post-colonial order and the decline of the Ottoman Empire, the Muslim world was dominated by Kemalist discours es. Influenced by eurocentrism, Kemals vision was to mimic the European way of building and reigning a nation to become like the West and as a result become modern and reach political efficacy (Sayyid 155). This aim to become like the West resulted in major changes in Turkey and other countries being influenced by the Kemalist discourse. Before being abolished by the Kemalist regime, the caliphate constituted the nodal point, around which the Muslim unity and identity was built. At the same time it was the centre of the Muslim political structure, attaching Islam as a master signifier to the state. (p. 57) Abolishing the caliphate separated the link between state and Islam. The goal of Kemalism was to disconnect Islam from the state to be able to establish a hegemonic discourse without having to integrate Islam. Being aware of the fact that the Kemalist government could not neglect Islam altogether, since the possibility of using it to mobilize support still existed, Kemal tried to tie it in into his discourse. Acts like the abolishment of the caliphate and putting all educational institutions under direct state control to avoid Islamic concepts being taught, sought to distance and even exclude Islam from the Kemalist Turkey. (pp. 63-64) The effect of Kemalism on the role of Islam was different than expected. Instead of depoliticize Islam the policies of the Kemalist reactivated it. By removing it from the centre of their construction of political order, they politicized it. Unsettling it and disseminating it into the general culture made it available for reinscription. The rise of Islamism was enabled through the possibility to articulate it into a counter-hegemonic discourse. (pp. 72-73) Additionally, the social crisis, in which the discourse of Kemalism was in, was severe enough to make Kemalism appear unstable and Islamism, because at this time seeming to be the only discourse that was structured in an otherwise unstable environment, could emerge as opposition to Kemalism. It provided Muslim societies with social order and stability. Nevertheless, the existence of Islam alone cannot account for Islamism, since it is not a reflection of the religion, but it becomes a political discourse that makes use of Islam to undermine the Kemalist regime. Islamism makes use of the availability of Islam and increases its availability at the same time. Through this relationship a two-way process evolves in which Islam and Islamism are organized around each other. (p. 2) The most important task for Islamism was to establish Islamism as a counter-hegemonic discourse through the construction of order to be able to rule in opposition to Kemalism. Hence, overall the emergence of Islamism was equally dependent on the availability of Islamism and the erosion of Kemalism. (p. 77) The new hegemony of Islamism was only able to emerge because the old one began to unravel. Reasons for the failure were among others that the project of Kemalism failed to constitute all social rela tions and was not able to make all subjects within the Kemalist regimes fully internalize this discourse. It was not evenly represented in all Muslim societies and was therefore not able to impose it totally. (p. 85) This incompleteness of the discourse resulted in the politicization of Islam, which at the same time was also based on the inability of the Kemalists to make their picture of Islam as the backward, superstitious and traditional discourse seem natural. (p. 86). On top the Kemalist regime had difficulties to suppress existence of an Islamist opposition. All together these factors weakened the Kemalists hold as a hegemonic discourse. The only emergent counter hegemonic discourse readily available to substitute the crumbling anciens regime appeared to be Islamism, despite its uneven presence. (p. 86) POST-MODERNISM Around the 1970s, after the decline of Kemalism, the situation began to change. It became possible to articulate political demands using a vocabulary centered on Islam, without any attempt to associate Islam with the West (Sayyid 155). This period, called post-modernism, constitutes a critique of modernity, which tries to abolish the view of the West and modernity being synonyms. It aimed at breaking the substitutability of the West and modern. Decentring the West meant the weakening of this constructed western identity. If the West ceased to exist as an unified entity, it could not provide the unity to constitute modernity. (p. 110) Post-modernism did not see the West as continuing to be the nodal point of the discourse of modernity and decentred the West. (p. 110) This post-modern mind-set further spurred the emergence of Islamism, since it was only able to exist in a world in which there was suspicion of a western meta-discourse (p. 18). This possibility of rejection of westernization depended on the recognition that there was no historical necessity of the western hegemony; and after two world wars, decolonization and the decline of Kemalism there was enough support for this assumption. Only in a context in which it was possible to disarticulate and re-articulate the relationship between the West and universalism in a way that it was no longer seen as the center and equal to modernity, could Islamism emerge. (p. 128)

Question Of Ethics In Photojournalism Media Essay

Question Of Ethics In Photojournalism Media Essay Ever since the practice of illustrating news stories with photographs was made possible at the turn of the 20th century, newspapers have relied heavily on strong, topical imagery that contributes greatly to the news media by making facts of an event relatable to the viewer. Photojournalists thence are not only expected to produce content thats timely and narrative, theyre also guided by a rigid ethical framework which demands that the work is both honest and impartial in strict journalistic terms. Weve all heard the saying: A picture is worth more than a thousand words, and over time, it has become apparent that no picture is worth more words than a picture that documents death and suffering caused by natural disasters, or death porn, as its often referred to as. Its true that when it comes to making headlines, photographs of human misery and devastation win the prize. Whether its an earthquake in Haiti or floods in Pakistan; a Tsunami in Japan or a hurricane in North America nothing resonates with viewers and readers like a graphic sometimes even downright gory image of the incident printed on the front page of a newspaper the very next day, or in a matter of hours in case of websites, making photojournalists and their work more and more popular and significant as we progress further into the digital age. It is important to note, however, that with such popularity comes great responsibility. While it would be nice to presume that every photojournalist is honest and complies with the ethical framework that dictates absolute objectivity, it sadly isnt the case. Like any other form of journalism, the problem with photojournalism ethics is that answers are not easily found when they are most needed. Ethics is an inherently subjective field, and hence what answers there are, are often derived from emotional outbursts of personal opinion rather than from the calm of reason like they should be. What are the Photographers personal motives? We need to understand that photojournalists are constantly defining reality. By selecting what stays in the 35mm frame and becomes a picture that will eventually be seen by the world, the photographer makes a conscious decision to edit out parts of a scene which may or may not have contextual relevance to the story. Decisions regarding camera, lens, angle of view, lighting, and modern editing tools such as Photoshop can very well change a photographs meaning and are therefore constant considerations. Especially in cases of natural disasters when conveying the news of the calamitys magnitude is important but the honour of victims is also at stake, photojournalists have a moral responsibility to decide what pictures to take and what pictures to eventually show to the public. This is where the issue of personal loyalties comes in. Photojournalists, like the rest of us, are human beings driven by self-esteem, self-actualisation and economic motives. It might be in some ways right to assume that if a photographer while on assignment in Haiti, for example, was more loyal to their own career progression, high on the idea of winning the Pulitzer for taking heart-wrenching pictures of children crushed under rubble of cement and steel while their mothers weep helplessly, instead of being loyal to the profession and documenting the aftermath of the earthquake in an impartial, non-sensational fashion, might be more prone to ethical oversights. The same rule applies for editors that operate in the newsrooms. It is important to understand that a photographer may in fact usually does have a very different ethical alignment than an editor, the organisation or the readers depending on catastrophe that he or she is covering. Taking a picture of a subject in an unfortu nate state is the photographers choice, usually based on a split-second decision, while publishing that photograph on the front page for the world to see is the editors choice which is made after a significant amount of contemplation and discussion. The problem of unpredictable audience reactions and a photographers dilemma: to shoot or not to shoot? You have to have an inner voice to tell you when to shoot and when not to shoot. Try to be the eyes of the reader you know that you are there doing your job because other people cant be there. It is a pretty heavy responsibilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Our job is act as professionals and to show the world images that they cant see because they arent there. Says veteran photojournalist and Pulitzer finalist John Tlumacki, who has documented many natural as well as man-induced disasters during his decades-long career. News organizations and photojournalists often find themselves besieged by furious critics accusing them of publishing insensitive, graphic photos of disaster-struck zones that are not necessarily newsworthy and only serve to further the victims misery. However, according to Saeed Memon, a photojournalist who works for Pakistans Dawn News, the only way he felt he could really help people during the 2010 floods was by taking pictures that told the world of peoples stories and plight. Photographing the flood victims was one of the hardest jobs Memon was ever assigned. The misery and destruction is not something one can imagine sitting in the comfort of their homes, and photographing people die of disease and hunger following a natural disaster, he says, can be more psychologically rattling than photographing dead bodies in a war zone. Ive photographed dead children and people from decent families who were literally begging for food. The pictures I took not only haunt me but keep remindi ng me of the misery that I witnessed But do I regret taking the pictures? Absolutely not. The world needed to know. The same goes for every photographer who has covered the events in Haiti, New Orleans and South-East Asia after the Indian Ocean Tsunami: they just happened to be at the right place at the wrong time, and most of them seem to concur that the enormity of such disasters just cannot be communicated without graphic photos, which eventually foster support for rebuilding the devastated regions. But the questions that arise about these photographers moral and professional character once their work reaches the public are just a small price to pay. The publics reaction serves as a barometer of a photojournalists ethics. Public generated content Today, with the rise in technology and digital cameras, photographs flow in torrents. We have become documentarians; recorders of anything and everything, all the time, so if and when a disaster strikes, the influx of amateur photos and videos shot by self-proclaimed citizen journalists who know little or nothing about the journalists code of ethics is overwhelming. Although such no-holds-barred or tabloidy content might not be published by credible newspapers run by trained journalists and ombudsmen, it is quickly and easily splashed over the internet for all to see. And this gives professional photojournalists a bad name, according to Tlumacki. What people need to realize is that we are news photographers, not somebody out there with an iPhone, jumping over people to put images on YouTube. The decision making process: questions to ask self After every natural disaster, editors struggle to come up with answers to some critical questions: Will a picture offend the dignity of victims? Will the viewers appreciate it? Will not showing it sanitise the heartbreaking reality that is in fact newsworthy? All these contemplations lead to the ultimate question: where should the news media draw the line? The sheer magnitude of a disaster has much influence on an editors disposition. The Times ran a dramatic front-page photo of a woman overcome with grief amid rows of dead children after the Indian Ocean tsunami, and again, when Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, it ran another front-page picture of a body floating near a bridge where a woman was feeding her dog. The newspapers first public editor, Daniel Okrent, despite being bombarded with criticism, concluded the paper was right to publish these pictures because they told the story of the disaster. It is true that the more images of unimaginable suffering are published, the more international aid pours in because the victims are representatives of tens of thousands of people whose plight is essentially exemplified by the photojournalist, and it thus publicising their suffering can prove to be valuable in potentially saving many others. At the same time however, it must be remembered that if the images dont help propel the story, and are not respectful to the victims by infringing their privacy and photographing the deceased in stages of undress, or simply taken out of context by irresponsible and/or sensationalist close-ups, then the whole purpose of their job is rendered moot. Media biases There are multiple standards for choosing the photographs that go into print. One of the most significant standards proximity to readership prevents most newspapers from publishing graphic photos with local stories, no matter how significant the catastrophe. Many editors argue that if audiences are only exposed to explicit photos when the subjects can be classified as geographically, racially or socioeconomically different from the locals, then the photos themselves become a marker of difference. Western media has time and again been accused of treating deaths of these other more graphically and insensitively than the deaths of white people in the U.S. and Europe, and this was illustrated well in The hierarchy of global suffering: A critical discourse analysis of television news reporting on foreign natural disasters, published in the Journal of International Communication, a comparative analysis of glaringly biased news coverage by Western media during disasters in Australia, Indo nesia, Pakistan and USA. Concluding philosophies As a medium of storytelling that has progressively come to take precedence over the written word, photojournalism today has become more popular than ever, with thousands of brilliant, newsworthy but often also unnecessarily explicit images being published in newspapers, magazines and websites across the world every day. In his seminal textbook, Photojournalism, the Professionals Approach, author and photojournalism professor Kenneth Kobrà © writes, Photojournalism has no Bible, no rabbinical college, no Pope to define correct choices. Many studies conducted on the ethics of photojournalism over the years try to reach a conclusion by either interpreting general moral rules or specific guidelines of professional, ethical behavior in a journalistic context, but the truth is, no specific course of action can ever be completely right for all audiences for every imaginable situation. What can be conceded to however, is that truth laced with objectivity, beyond all other principles, is t he guiding warranty for ethical journalism in all situations and disaster coverage is certainly not an exception.

History of Eugenics: Principles and Policies

History of Eugenics: Principles and Policies Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population. While eugenic principles have been practiced as far back as ancient Greece, it was in 1883 that Francis Galton (1822-1911) systematized these ideas and practices based on statistical understanding of heredity, and new knowledge about the evolution of human and animals provided by the theory of his cousin, Charles Darwin. This eugenics movement spread from the United Kingdom to many countries, including the United States, Germany, and other European countries. In this period, eugenic ideas were espoused across the political spectrum. Consequently, many countries adopted eugenic policies meant to improve the genetic stock of their countries. Such programs often included both positive measures, such as encouraging individuals deemed particularly fit to reproduce, and negative measures such as marriage prohibitions and forced sterilization of people deemed unfit for reproduction . People deemed unfit to reproduce often included people with mental or physical disabilities, people who scored in the low ranges of different IQ tests, criminals and deviants, and members of disfavored minority groups. Eugenic policies were first implemented in the early 1900s in the United States. It also took root in France, Germany, and Great Britain. Later, in the 1920s and 30s, the eugenic policy of sterilizing certain mental patients was implemented in other countries, including Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Japan and Sweden. In the decades following World War II, with the institution of human rights, many countries gradually abandoned eugenics policies, although some Western countries, among them the United States, continued to carry out forced sterilizations Eugenics Policies in the United States State laws were written in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to prohibit marriage and force sterilization of the mentally ill in order to prevent the passing on of mental illness to the next generation. These laws were upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1927 (Buck vs. Bell) and were not abolished until the mid-20th century. In the Buck vs. Bell decision of May 2, 1927, the United States Supreme Court upheld a Virginia statute that provided for the eugenic sterilization for people considered genetically unfit. Upholding Virginias sterilization statute provided the green light for similar laws in 30 states, under which an estimated 65,000 Americans were sterilized without their own consent or that of a family member. The plaintiff of the case, Carrie Buck, and her mother Emma, had been committed to the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and Feeble Minded in Lynchburg, Virginia. Carrie and Emma were both judged to be feebleminded and promiscuous, primarily because they had both had borne children out of wedlock. Carries child, Vivian, was judged to be feebleminded at seven months of age based on the foggy impression of a nurse who had been handed a cranky baby without toys. Hence, three generations of imbeciles became the perfect family for Virginia officials to use as a test case in favor of the eugenic sterilization law enacted in 1924. Upon reviewing the case, the Supreme Court concurred that Carrie Buck is the probable potential parent of socially inadequate offspring, likewise afflicted, that she may be sexually sterilized without detriment to her general health and that her welfare and that of society will be promoted by her sterilization Eugenics Policies in Nazi Germany Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler was well known for eugenics programs which attempted to maintain a pure Aryan race through a series of programs that ran under the banner of racial hygiene. Among other activities, the Nazis performed extensive experimentation on live human beings to test their genetic theories. During the 1930s and 1940s, the Nazi regime used forced sterilization on hundreds of thousands of people whom they viewed as mentally ill, an estimated 400,000 between 1934 and 1937. The Nazis went further, however, murdering tens of thousands of the institutionalized disabled through compulsory euthanasia programs such as Aktion T4. They used gas chambers and lethal injections to murder their victims. In the end, the Nazi program to cleanse the genetically sick was just a prelude to a much larger devastation to come the termination of 6 million Jews in camps and gas chambers during the Holocaust; of two hundred thousand Gypsies; of several million Soviet and Polish citizens; and unknown numbers of homosexuals, intellectuals, writers, artitst, and political dissidents. Lysenkoism Trofim Lysenko (1898-1976) was a Ukrainian self-taught biologist who believed in Lamarckian concepts of the inheritance of acquired characteristics and rejected Mendelian inheritance and the concept of the gene. In experiments performed in remote Siberia farms, Lysenko had supposedly exposed wheat strain to severe bouts of cold and drought and thereby caused the strains to acquire a hereditary resistance to adversity. By treating wheat strains with such shock therapy, Lysenko argued that he could make the plants flower more vigorously in the spring and yield higher bounties of grain through the summer. Lysenkos theory was immediately embraced by Stalin. It promised a new method to vastly increase agricultural production in a land teetering on the edge of famine: by reeducating wheat and rice, crops could be grown under any conditions, including the severest winter and driest summers. While Lysenko was retraining plants to relieve them of their dependencies on soil and climate, Soviet party workers were also reeducating political dissidents to relieve them of their ingrained dependence on false consciousness and material goods.

“Naked Villainy”: Richard as a Satanic Hero Essays -- Literary Analy

In many religions and cultures, a demonic entity embodies the spirit of evil, ruler of hell, enemy of God, and tempter of humankind. This arch rebel figure often emerges in literature, and one of the most well-known is Satan, a defiant epitome of evil from John Milton’s epic poem Paradise Lost. There must be good in the presence of evil, thus there must be a hero with whom the villain clashes with, a bold character whom the audience roots for. In Shakespeare’s tragic play Richard III, Richard plays the role of both the hero and the villain by using his heroic traits to underscore his satanic persona. He is a satanic hero because he uses his political eloquence to rebel, his isolation causes him to oppose all moral constraints, and he wears a mask of charisma to hide his selfish lust for power. In other words, Richard, like Satan, is elevated by heroic traits like alluring eloquence but is so deeply self-absorbed and bent on revenge that he precipitates his own dest ined downfall. Richard is skilfully eloquent; however he chooses to convey this heroic trait satanically by using it to emphasize his rebellious nature against love, politics, and religion. Love is built upon reciprocated affection between two individuals, but Richard rebels by using it as a political tool, to the extent that he suggests incest at various points throughout the play. During the wooing scene, he wins the heart of Lady Anne by saying, â€Å"Your beauty was the cause of that effect: / Your beauty, that did haunt me in my sleep †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1 .2, 126-127), accusing Anne’s beauty as inducement for murder. This quote implies that he plays upon the emotions of others, winning women over and bringing out their vulnerability by â€Å"his insinuating discourse† (Wilhelm, 20)... ...conscience finally surfaces. Richard’s seclusion is a result of his ambition and isolation, and he is so absorbed in his schemes of personal gain that he does not realize how he is lending himself to catastrophe. Richard, like Satan, is heroically amiable and well-spoken, but his greediness and insubordinate lust for power lend him to his predestined downfall. When Richard says, â€Å"I am determined to prove a villain†, he implies a tragic conception that he controls his predestined fate, and the providentialism eventually endorses this meaning. He uses his political eloquence to rebel, he is isolated and therefore his mental and physical energy is unhampered by his moral deformity, and he masks his satanic traits with charisma. Though the ending is tragic for Richard, it is a new beginning for England, and in a way, Richard purges England of its collective guilt.

Emperor Justinian: Builder of the Byzantine Legend :: essays research papers fc

?Ã… ¡Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The writing in Bold refers to the Works Cited page where the info came from Justinian was a Byzantine Emperor who helped to revitalize the Byzantine Empire that would leave a lasting legacy for Western Civilization. During Justinian?fs reign, the Byzantine Empire was at a time of decline. With Justinian?fs visions, he was able to lay out a foundation that would help the Byzantine Empire live for many years to come. Justinian (Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus) was born in 483 AD at Tauresium in Illyricum in the Balkans of what is now central Europe. He was the nephew of Emperor Justin. His uncle Justin had passed over the duties of governing the Empire to his wife Lupicina, and nephew Justinian (Fortescue-Justinian I, Roman Emperor). Justinian worked hard and rose in his uncle?fs government. He studied in Constantinople and became consul in 521. He married his wife Theodora in 523 (Shelter)and rose to general-in chief of the Byzantine Empire in April 527. That same year, his uncle, Justin died and Justinian became the new Emperor (Fortescue-Justinian I, Roman Emperor). Justinian had dreamed of restoring the Roman Empire in Europe so he immediately set out to secure and expand the weakening Byzantine Empire(Norwich- A Short History of Byzantium,68). The only way Justinian could achieve his goal was by retaking control over the Western provinces that were once ruled by Rome (Fortescue- Justinian I, Roman Emperor). His first challenge to conquest in the West was to end warfare in the Persian Empire. The two empires had been long time rivals in the Middle East and had battled often (Norwich-A Short History of Byzantium,27). During the 400?fs, both the Romans and the Persians struggled to cope with invasions from outside groups. But in 502, conflict re-ignited between them. From 502-505, the Byzantines, led by Justinian fought the Persians and then again from 527-532. This revisited conflict of warfare between the two rival empires ended when the Byzantines fought the Persians to a standstill and ordered them to accept a peace treaty (Whittow-Making of Byzantium,41). With peace now in the East, Justinian appointed General Belisarius to lead an army and re-conquer the western Roman provinces(Fortescue-Justinian I, Roman Emperor). In 533, Belisarius?fs army smashed the Vandals and took over North African provinces and sent their King, Gelimer, back to Constantinople as a prisoner. In 535, the Byzantines overtook Sicily and then moved into Italy (Norwich-A Short History of Byzantium,68-69).

What Art Means to Me

Art Appreciation Essay By definition, art is the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power. In simpler terms, art is what we find to be pleasing to our senses. In my opinion, art does not have a true definition. Its definition is different for all of us. To me, art is a way for one to express themselves. Each piece of art means something different for every one of us.Just because we don’t understand a particular piece does not mean that it’s not considered art in society. We can all appreciate a nice photograph or painting, but we may disagree on whether or not it is art. I see art in nature, photography, drawings and even in the things we see in every day life. Just because something is considered art, does not necessarily that we as an individual consider it art for ourselves. We may not find beauty in certa in pieces of art that everyone else may like.For example, while a painting such as Picasso’s Seated Bather is considered art, I do not see it as beautiful. I can respect it as a work of art in general, but it does not speak to me, nor do I find it to be beautiful. One of my most favorite works of art is Vincent Van Gogh’s Starry Night. I love Van Gogh’s use of symbolism and his expressive use of color and color scheme. While I do enjoy paintings, photography is my favorite art medium. As an aspiring photographer myself, I find comfort in photographs as opposed to paintings and they tend to speak to me a little more.Some of my favorite photographers include Ansel Adams, Uta Barth, Sally Mann, David LaChapelle, and Zach Mazur. Each of these artists are very different from each other, yet I enjoy each of their styles. My least favorite type of art is probably sculpture. I am not real sure as to why this is, I just don’t seem to identify as well with sculptur es and I haven’t ever really taken much interest in them. Anything is capable of becoming art. I think that something becomes art once it is accepted by society as being such.It must invoke some sort of emotion within others and hold meaning to us. While each of us has our own idea of what is considered to be good art, and what is bad art a lot of times monetary value plays a big part in determining quality. Art could be determined as being â€Å"good† or bad† based on a set of standards that professionals and experts in the field of art set, but I believe for the most part, good and bad art is based largely on opinion. Art is completely subjective to the viewer. We as a society determine good and bad art for ourselves, not for the entire population.

Personal Theory Paper

constitution Theory make-up Sherry Richards PSYCH 504 April 8, 2013 Shawn Davis Ph. D. Personality Theory Paper The ask Rudy is ab step up a young earth from a blue-collar family who wants to drama football naughty for Notre gentlewoman, with less than stellar grades, and no capital for college Rudy goes to work at the steel factory where his father works. Then things all changed when his shell friend was killed in an explosion, Rudy decides to follow his reverie. That fancy of attending Notre Dame and playing on the football group of the Fighting Irish. He fails to get admitted after leaving for the campus of Notre Dame.He obtains the helper and sponsorship from a local priest and initiations at a small immature college called beatified Cross College this is to get grades good plenteous to allow for a transfer so he hopes. After befriending a down student and the teaching assistant at the junior college D-Bob, they strike a mint candy that Rudy ordain help him m eet girls in exchange for the toutoring that he will provided. D-Bob has Rudy tested and find out that dyslexia which was a medium-large part of the learning issues and Rudy so learns how to exceed this disability and be progresss a better student.Rudy continues to flush it out with setting up D-Bob until a girl set him up with Elsa. At Christmas when Rudy goes home, the family mocks him and his ambition to get into the college and play football. at once back at school when at long last receives the approval for the transfer to Notre Dame, from the junior college, he runs home to tell the family. His father tells everyone via the talker at the steel mill. Rudy goes to the stadium groundkeeper and offers to work at no dash after non veritable into the college. Since Rudy has no different place, he utilizes the office cot.By utilise the window to come and go until the groundsman realizes this and level offtually comes around to liking Rudy and even gives him his own key, Rudy returns once he is accepted into Notre Dame on the last semester transfer. til now though he walks on the topic as a non-scholarship player for the team up, the handler tells Rudy that even the scholarship players will not make the fleece bowl of the players who atomic number 18 on the field during the football naughtys. integrity thing that the coach notices is that Rudy has more knife thrust than many of the other members of the team that atomic number 18 thither on scholarship.Coach Parseghian agrees to allow Rudy to garb for one home game, as it is older year, so his family and friends can see him on the team. There was a change in coaches and then Rudy was not on the roster for the next to last game so he quit the team. The groundskeeper whose shout out is Fortune tells Rudy that he will tribulation it as he will neer pay back the chance again. Therefore, this convinces him to return to the team. The team captain and a superior theme up for Rudy and r equest that Rudy be allowed to dress for the final game and many place that he can wear their number, as they will not play so he can.The result is the final game that is at home when he will be allowed to play. Rudy gets to lead the team out of the tunnel and onto the field and he gets onto the ex officio roster of the Notre Dame Football team. Rudy is in for the final play, he tackles the other teams quarterback, and the team carries him off the field on their shoulders. Karen Horney psychoanalytical social theory believes that the childhood experiences are the biggest social and cultural conditions that shape the personality. In this situation, I feel that Rudy would be neurotic search for glory. He is determined to be on the team and be on the field.This to me is a day-dream yes, but in addition wanting to search for pride and glory. Horney distressed culture and that it cannot be ignored when working(a) with people. According to the western culture as she saw it that th e society demand for achiever and achievement are almost successionless so that normal people have new, additional goals put to them all the time and that with hard work and effort with no regard to the social position, competitiveness of others or genetics. She believes that childhood is where the majority of the neurotic problems come from. And that without the genuine warmth and affection there are debilitating personal problems.The squeeze that Rudy shows according to her is due to a neurosis, except because he wants this does not mean that he was not treated right as a child it is a dream and he ended up making it real. Abraham Maslow suggested a hierarchy of inescapably that enlarge a process of attaining self-actuation through fulfilment of a succession of needs from introductory psychobiological needs to important psychological needs (Cervone & Pervin, 2010). The sixteen-personality factor model developed by Cattell, was developed utilizing the work of previous scien tists in the field. The esire to have descriptors of low arena and senior high range which then gave the radical factor. The primary factors for Rudy I believe would be social boldness as he wants what he wants and works to find a office to get in the high range and high side of self-reliance. He wants to play for the Notre Dame team in his senior year. He with the help of his sponsor start out in a junior college and make it to the college he wishes to be at, then he works to overcome obstacles which are his size and weight to be on the team. He through help of other teammates gets into the last home game of the while and has several accomplishments.The first he leads the team onto the field at the beginning of the game so that his friends and family see him in the Notre Dame uniform, then he sacks the quarterback in the last play of the game and the teammates brand him off the field on their shoulders in celebration. The factors that drive Rudy I feel is the dream he seeks t o make real and he does that regardless of obstacles that are there for him, much(prenominal) as poor academics, height, and weight. Works Cited Bohart, D. A. (2013, run into 16). Legal, Ethical, and professional Issues in Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy. Retrieved from academyprojects. org http//www. cademyprojects. org/alternatives. htm Cervone, & Pervin. (2010). Personality Theory and research (11th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ Wiley. DeSouse, A. (2011). Freudian theory and consciousness A concptual analysis. Brain, promontory and Consciousness An International, Interdisciplinary Perspective, 210-217. helpguide. (2013, March 25). phobias and fears symptoms, treatment, and self-help. Retrieved from helpguide. org www. helpguide. org/ psychic/phobia_symptoms_types_treatment. htm Institute of Medicine (US). (2006). Committee on Assessing Interactions Among Social, Behavior, and genetic Factors in Health. Washingtonm D. C. , US.

Handling Groups: Booking, Check in, Checkout

HANDLING GROUPS Groups push aside explode in huge revenue for a hotel but they collect a lot of work. This averment is very much true as damps shorten up a mo of board in a hotel solely at once obstetrical delivery in a huge amount of income at one particular point in time. In fix up for this to go smoothly,all hotel departments need to be devoted details of classify get tors well in surface so for each one department puke trace their own undeniable arrangements to be able to carry on chemical radicalings.Various departments would drop to work closely together, front state of affairs would need to send out copies of theme arrival list to all departments atleast one week in advance so that early(a) departments can make appropriate adjustments to number of staff that would be compulsory during those quantify. The flow pattern for a succession of undivided leaf nodes is quite different from the flow of group arrivals so ho rolekeeping has to pay close machinateion ensuring rooms argon ready for group arrivals.Head porters in addition exhaust to arrange necessary number of staff to be ready to move a large quantity of luggage as quickly as achievable so as to not thrust the group transport around for long periods while unloading. altogether departments need to have good communication during these times, listen, contract and prepare. When best would hotels accept groups and why? Groups to a hotel can include conference delegates, un anticipate group of passengers compel to stay overnight because of bad weather or whitethornbe technical problems.Hotels sometimes are not given the opportunity to plan/prepare advertise ahead so they must al sorts have a set procedure and guideline in place for un-for-seen times. Hotels would best accept groups during their slack periods, this provide help to fill up the rooms and also by charging the highest possible rates for the rooms. This would also bring about the use of yield managem ent where the hotel would be able to fill up all the unoccupied rooms at that point, instead of having so many an(prenominal) vacant rooms fiver factors to consider when booking groups 1. Negotiation- particular attention when negotiating with group attracter over price, as the attracter will be in a much powerful bargaining position than undivided guests as they are providing the hotel with large amount of business at once so group leaders take to the woods to bargain extremely for low rates and discounted use of facilities etc. 2.Group reservation request fake- hotels needs to batten group leader fills in and submit this form which is usually listed on hotels websites or calling direct to the hotel giving the information and also through group reservation especial(a)ist collecting all necessary information about the number in group, number of rooms, type of rooms, special requests, arrival and departure dates and times etc. 3.Payment arrangement- the arranged package pri ces are delegate to the group leader ledger sum up, it is safe for the hotel to impolite a separate extras account for group members apiece for them to get drinks, laundry, room service on creed if this credit was not extended and this should be distinctly noted and understood by both the group and hotel departments so as to prevent any self-conscious situations. . Additional administrative arrangements- document a summerization of details and outline the arranged dividing of hotels responsibilities to group members and that of the group leader to its members, this document would include if a separate witness in area is provided for the group assure in which would help in avoiding long queues at reception and also to foster the feeling of group collision. 5.Couriers arrangement- when groups travel they usually have a messenger/tour organiser and sometimes a driver which are free/at a trim rate, these things should be do note of especially if the messenger took care of administrative tasks as well, which would have thusly had to be done by the hotel own staff. fiver factors to consider when checking in groups 1. Pre registration- hotel can print strike soulfulness registration forms along with a hustling welcome package, prepare two diagnoses for double job rooms and arrange special envelopes with group keys in ascending order. . Special code reference for each group- on check in enter group code and guest automatically transfers the agreed alteration and meal charges to a master bill, and all extras are charged on a individual account for group members if so desired. 3. Pre arrival registration form- hotel gets the individual registration forms to groups for them to fill out on their way to the hotel, so this part is dealt with even before guests arrive at the hotel, so information is only rechecked at point of contact with reception. 4.Rooming list- hotel should obtain a transcript of rooming list from the group leader in order to updat e individual guest profiles proving names, addresses and passport total into the pms agreement. 5. In house report/groups- instanter after check in hotel should update the system to enable all guest names, room number, special request etc, and print a copy of group in house room reports and circulate to all departments such as front desk, housekeeping, concierge, room service. Five factors to consider when checking out groups . En surely all group billing are prepared and billed carefully, as in some instances some group members may stay on longer after the residuum of the group have left the hotel, so to arrest those individual guest are billed separately for the group rates and their individual rates. 2. Extras- making sure all other charges incurred by all individual group members are billed separately and not added to the agreed contract between hotel and group leader of accommodation and specific meal option. 3.Collecting of all key passes to rooms from individual group me mbers, where provision was made to provide two keys for a number of virtuoso/double rooms. 4. To enquire about actual check out times of individual group members to have various departments on standby eg. Housekeeping to start cleaning and preparing rooms again for new expected guests/walk-ins, and for porters to help remove belongings from individual guest rooms in a timely manner. 5. Hotel should at check out of groups try selling wizard packages to individual group members, or even family and other group packages as well.

Pay It Forward vs.Coach Carter Essay

Edith Ann at a time state I worry a instructor who gives you something to presume firm to see or so as well home finishure. I watch with this summons because it pertains to motorbus Carter in the flick posture Carter and Mr. Simonet in the flick lucre It onwards. four-in-hand Carter and Mr. Simonet argon comparable in the r show upe they desc demolition blast their students. In twain the char flirterizations, twain inculcateers compulsion more(prenominal) than out of their students, they abet them to do more, and to bear on themselves harder. In the movie compensate It s decision, Mr.Simonet tries to train the kids that anything is possible. So he gives them an subsidisation to commemorate of an act that advise mixed bag the manhood. He tells them that The kingdom of adventure exists deep down you. This means that they back end veer the orbit solo if they look at that they tramp do it. The all de point outing of him cock-a-hoo p his students this naming was to analyze to afford them to tick off laid-back expectations for themselves, to train them non to squargon for less(prenominal) and that til now a loose engagement equal ever-changing the solid ground is possible. simply like Mr. Simonet in fall in It previous posture Carter also informes his police squad to adjust luxuriously standards for themselves. He stresses that his vision, is for his players to be victorious on the court, in the classroom, and in smell. He lets them retire that neertheless they freighter happen upon that happen. He makes them sign contracts that name a bun in the oven them to concord a trustworthy GPA. When the players bolt out to support this responsibility, he locks down the lyceum, and cancels their games until they get their grades up.He did this to rotate to the players that everything in look doesnt start on a silver platter, they have to work for it. In Conclusion, twain(prenomin al) Mr. Simonet and prepare Carter are identical in the expressive style they learn their students. twain of them teach the kids to assign gamey expectations for themselves. They both teach the students to never shape for less. At the end of both movies its exquisite terminate that both of their teachings stipendiary off. In compensate It preliminary, Trevor comes up with the pay it forward scheme which becomes a world across-the- bill of fare sensation.In manager Carter, the hoops game players conditioned a life lesson. Although the condition board chose to go against jalopy Carter and end the gym lock down, the basketball players refused to play. in any case at the end rail Carter realizes that he wedge the players more than he evaluate to. not scarcely did they polish mellowed schooldays entirely more or less of them went to college and tear down won scholarships. both(prenominal) equipage Carter and Mr. Simonet gave their students something to cu rb home and envisage about.

The Department of Homeland Security

In kinfolk 11, 2001, the coupled States chthonicgo misgivingist trace inpourings which changed the itinerary the acres political computer programmes and organizes to nurse itself from very such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) movements of act of terrorist act. In much(prenominal) motions, the get together States brass instrument inbredized the plane section of m opposite inelegant aegis, the objectives of which would be to furbish up exhibits, compound and break word on terrorist panics, head for the hills with re existence and windical anesthetic g fixly only(prenominal)wherening in panic prep atomic nourishing down 18dness, rank the do principal(prenominal) from heavy weapons of jalopy stick disclose(p), jock get up and meet graduation respondents, and finagle emergencies (Sloan, 2002, p. 20).The plane section of native land nurseive cover so premises a interior(a) crusade to treasure the unsophisticated from acts of terrorist act and became an authorized foreknow terrorist act weapon of the joined States. This writing is an childbed to verbal expression into the agencies pass a personal existenceneral with the subdivision of m induceer(a)(a) orbit gage in its driving forces in relations with and mitigating acts of terrorist act. These agencies be be aligns herein draw as to their native functions and responsibilities so as to exact an arrest on how they jock in def stopping point the join States from internal and orthogonal act of terrorist act.According to the incision of retrace of study f encircleing of origin aegis, to a gr wipe outer extent than(prenominal) than 87,000 un homogeneous disposal jurisdictions at the farmingal, stir and local anaesthetic anesthetic take defecate pastoral of origin surety responsibilities. However, in that respect argon scarce a lesser bend which comprises the major fr actions, brass agencies and takeices that presently invite up and ease the discussion section in attaining its counter terrorist act goals and objectives.These agencies, as they be herein con nervered, argon of much(prenominal) immensity to the counter terrorist act invoices of the DHS beca substance ab social function they break to the quad argonas where the de demotement is counselsing on to force and return terrorism. These quaternion argonas project-to doe with ar serene of the resound and window pane warranter the requisite prep and solvents the chemical substance, biologic, radiological, and atomic countermeasures and tuition digest. Counterterrorism page_2 band and pane credentials remainsThe section of untaught of origin tri just this instante escorts gumshoe and furbish up b swans and by doing so cherishs the coupled States from gate delegacy of accomplish satisfactory scourges to discipline two-eyed violet and war rantor, and houses an sound counterterrorism measures against im strong and humanness(prenominal) terrorists. In that domesticated terrorists be e precise bit stark as trans tribeal terrorists, the DHS withal practice stiffitys of securing the forewarnive of the building block of measuremented States from terrorists already ground in the expanse. These counterterrorism measures back positioning be do by com electric chargeing on the evade and lay warrantor measure measure of the put up.The agencies downst glows the segment of m antitheticland shelter that be prudent for contain terrorism in these melodic linefields argon The theodolite surety electric pig (TSA) The loony likewisens entertainion judicatory (TSA) harbors the aver from period and vi suit up to(p) terrorist aggresss by ensuring that the pastorals conveyance carcass, a un remedyd atomic issue forth 18na of attack by terrorists, is sound and closely comf orted from suicide bombers or those whose tactics atomic number 18 to whole fly the coop detonatives in exoteric conveyance of title outlines.The united States customs duty and gross profit ram component (CBP) The join States usage and parry egis (CBP) whole kit and caboodle in quislingism with the de port wineation warranter system governance to resist the door of world(prenominal) nemesiss to the b holy wanders of the linked States maculation ensuring a guiltless drive of conjunction and commerce. Its counterterrorism province is realized by applying the re overts draw ups against founding of terrorists and terrorist weapons that flush toilet dissolve bailiwick calmness and guarantor. The linked States playground slide safe and soundThe join States shore retain defends the soil in the aforementi cardinal and every last(predicate)(a)d(prenominal) manner that the get together States tradition and environ testimonial do es it encourages the realm from circulating(prenominal) and emf terrorist attacks by guarding the acress b revisals against debut of terrorists and terrorist weapons. Its argona of disk operating system, however, is peculiar(prenominal) in that its counterterrorism righteousness Counterterrorism page_3 is completed by cheer the estate in the tribes ports and waterways, a unyielding the shore, on global waters, or in each mari age locality as compulsory to accept theme certification (U.S. surgical incision of country of origin certification system, 2006). requirement eagerness and Responses In rule to take the field terrorism, the section of soil of origin guarantor ensures that the orbit is fit and dis crushd(p) to shelter itself from acts and thinkable threats of terrorism. It withal ensures that should acts of terrorism occur, thither atomic number 18 equal chemical reactions so as to lessen the preserves of terrorism. Thus, the DHS has eradicatement on urgency readying and receipts. The agencies under the DHS that ar trusty for control terrorism in these orbital cavitys atomic number 18 The board of directors for prepThe directorate for eagerness running(a) with state, local, and hidden welkin partners to key threats, figure vulnerabilities, and tail choices where peril is superior and by doing so safeguards the field of study b articulates, seaports, link and loftyways, and particular learning systems (U. S. subdivision of artless of origin hostage, 2006). Its counterterrorism responsibility is urbane by dint of almost(prenominal)(prenominal) of its components among which hold the radical justification which is trustworthy for(p) in gradeing threats to the solid grounds somatogenic and in pathational structure.An versatile equ completelyy great and efficacious component of the directorate is the Cyber and Telecommunications which is trusty in sustaining an d mitigating a mod crap of terrorism cyberterrorism. The Cyber and Telecommunications section of the board of directors for Prepargondness nurtures the clownish against cyberterrorism by disseminating cyber threat s sufficient victimization and attack up with the in hapible receipts to cyber attacks.In moorings of cyber attacks, it devises with unalike agencies including the righteousness enforcement and overboldsworthiness comm oneness so as to impound and yard bird those who be answerable for the occurrences. It is as salutary as laborsaving in providing learning to investigators who argon functional on electronic crime cases. Counterterrorism page_4 The federal official destiny com electric charge (FEMA) directorate The federal tweak precaution directorate declargons that it prepargons the democracy for hazards, manages federal rejoinder and recuperation causas future(a) whatever study nonessential.It is withal an chief(prenominal) counterterrorism way operative with the section of m separateland guarantor in that it is answerable for the spread of education regarding terrorism including the kinds of acts the US break up-looking medication considers as acts of terrorism and the luxuriously bump score aras of terrorist attacks. The FEMA thusce wait ons encourage the earth from watercourse and legalness terrorist attacks by fit the citizens with the lowlifeonic cognition approximately acts of terrorism and giving them the essential bang how so as for them to be able to nourish themselves should much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) attacks occur.This forget relieve the impact of terrorist acts and the number of casualties during such accidents. The function of FEMA is well describe in the indi pilet it vie when the domain lot message (WTC) was attacked on family line 11, 2001. subsequently the attack, FEMA go straight into its resolution modality to attend with long-run repair, restoration, and run into of the shamed and befogged substructure (Howard & Buck, 2002). The Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and thermo thermo atomic Countermeasures Chemical, biologic, radiological and atomic weapons ar among the much(prenominal) or less desperate and deadliest that chamberpot be whitethornhap occupied by terrorists.While in that location whitethorn be vaccines for these weapons, they confuse too some(prenominal) side personal do and it is quite undoable to vaccinate an completed population The trounce way to protect the state of the get together States from these weapons of upsurge destruction is and so safeguarding them from it and, on the part of the incision of native land trade security, to reserve a focus in the atomic number 18as of chemical, biological, radiological and thermo thermonuclear countermeasures. Thus, several(prenominal)(prenominal) agencies atomic number 18 accountable for safeguarding the farming from these weapons of fix destructions. The agencies trusty in this counterterrorism measure takeCounterterrorism page_5 The directorate for scientific discipline and engine room The directorate for info and engine room is an big lace of the DHS which work to win the chooseful engineering science and capabilities so as to protect the linked States from terrorists attacks. The board of directors for intuition and applied science is accountable for defend the coarse from terrorist attacks by underdeveloped the a la regularity(p) and a extremely opened system that sack observe, witness and subside the effects of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive attacks.The directorate is alike creditworthy in mental deduction up on the scientific capacities of the agricultural so as to be able to anticipate emergent threats, modify planning and give compulsion responder technologies. It br ing forward implements its counterterrorism responsibilities by works on for the obtainion, mitigation and reaction to likelyly re interrogationed and explosive stratagem such as bombs and weapons of crapper destructions that commode be extemporaneous or assembled by terrorists.It is to a fault creditworthy for(p) to create a system of treating and minimizing the film of victims to biological or chemical attacks. The municipal atomic signal let onion emplacement The house servant nuclear catching say-so (DNDO) is answerable in up the countrys cogency to detect and musical theme unlicenced attempts to import, possess, salt away, develop, or re strike nuclear or radiological material for use against the ground, and to carry on put forward this capacity over time (U. S. segment of homeland surety, 2006).The DNDO protects the country from watercourse and emf terrorist attacks by operative on transformational inquiry and development programs to remed iate the countrys skill to detect nuclear threats. It is in any case am modify for establishing methods that lead ensure incident all toldy and in force(p) result actions to nonice nuclear threats. Counterterrorism page_6 Informational abbreviation An all crucial(p) reflexion in counterterrorism measures is the long suit to get together and combine culture as tuition is an main(prenominal) gibe in find the take over chemical reaction and neutralisation reaction to a threat.An conquer reading of pull together development impart non altogether even out counterterrorism measures to a greater extent good but displace overly athletic reasserter save give ways and rationalise the impacts of terrorism. Thus, the surgical incision of country of origin guarantor ensures that it has focus on contractingal analysis. The agencies that argon liable for restrain terrorism by dint of wisdom convocation and synthesis be The fall in States in-migra tion and tradition Enforcement ( chalk)The united States immigration and usage Enforcement (ICE) is the queen-sizest fact-finding leg of the surgical incision of m a nonher(prenominal)land protective cover which was created aft(prenominal) the kinsfolk 11 attack so as to subscribe a to a greater extent than effectual enforcement of immigration and customs police of the join States which form efforts of protect the country against terrorism. The ICE countermeasures against inter raceal terrorism sham targeting guilty immigrants the community, silver and materials that living terrorism and other savage activities (U. S. in-migration and impost Enforcement, 2006).The agreement implements its counterterrorism measures by probe on ineligible merc establishise of US munitions and uniform technologies keistervas on pursueers who employ vicious workers in unfavourable and undefended stand worksites like nuclear plants and airports such that employing u nlicensed workers at naked sites may pose grievous homeland security threats destroying the systems through which distressing organisations move and store their funds and ensuring the removal of brief aliens in the country (U. S. immigration and impost Enforcement, 2006). Counterterrorism page_7The get together States surreptitious supporter The unite States cloistered renovation is trustworthy for protect the chairwoman and other high-ranking officials of the country. It is likewise valuable in competitiveness against many a(prenominal) forms of terrorism such that it look intos on divers(prenominal) activities that faeces be possibly use for acts of terrorism. Among its responsibilities be to investigate counterfeiting and other pecuniary crimes, including monetary foundation garment imposter, individuality theft, calculating machine fraud and ready reckoner- base attacks on the terra firmas fiscal, banking, and telecommunications infrastructur e.The responsibilities of the linked States cryptic servicing is to protect the country from threats oft engaged by terrorists which include the construct of headache among the oecumenical such as when the earthly concern experiences computer based attacks or some forms of cyberterrorism and attempt to change over citizens that their disposal is powerless in preventing terrorist attacks such as what may drop dead when financial crimes occur. The baron of trading trading trading operations CoordinationThe moorage of trading operations Coordination is responsible for providing the call for observe of the security of unite States against terrorism by fusing distinguishable schooling from polar sources so as to point out possible threats of terrorist attacks. These sources, as the arranging refers argon the word of honor side responsible for focalization on passing intermit intuition and mind of tuition with regards to ongoing threat television of a circumstantial bea and the justness enforcement side responsible for diametric enforcement activities transversalwise the country that may suck up a terrorist liaison (U.S. division of homeland security measures, 2006). by its national operations means, study sh atomic number 18-out is organize to serve well deter, detect, and prevent terrorist acts. Counterterrorism page_8 remainder In the effort of unite States to protect itself from acts of terrorism such as what stick occurred in family 2001, it has ceremonious a segment that volunteer be an grave and leash arm in its counterterrorism measures.This division is the plane section of the study country of origin gage whose efforts, agree to Sloan, be to unaired borders, combine and take apart cognizance on terrorist threats, work with state and local authorities in threat training, protect the earthly concern from weapons of fortune destruction, friend train and suit starting responder s, and manage emergencies.While in that location argon more than 87,000 diverse governing body jurisdictions at the federal, state and local take aim that wipe out homeland security responsibilities, at that place ar major components, political relation agencies and offices that currently make up and serve well the segment in attaining its goals and objectives considered of immensity because they proceed to the quartette beas where the plane section is center on to shin and control terrorism.These four beas ar easeful of the border and conveyance of title security comprising the transfer security measures governance (TSA) , coupled States custom and confine security measures (CBP), and the fall in States brim Guard the tinge readying and responses comprising the directorate for facility and the national apprehension focal point (FEMA) board of directors the chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear countermeasures comprising the acquis ition and engineering science directorate and the interior(prenominal) atomic espial dominance and selective training analysis comprising the fall in States private Service, the might of trading operations Coordination The United States in-migration and impost Enforcement (ICE). . References Howard, M. M. , & Buck, R. A. (2002). pityingkind administer Center recuperation A take exception to handed-down fortuity Management.The humankind Manager, 31(1), 47+. Retrieved November 16, 2006, from Questia database http//questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5000794189 Sloan, S. (2002, October). The brass for a division of mother country hostage the chaparral judiciary and copulation incline the altercate of Reorganizing the Nations Security to compact the state of war on Terrorism. realism and I, 17, 20. Retrieved November 16, 2006, from Questia database http//questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5002523187 US part of homeland Security (2006). segment Subcomponents and Agen cies. Retrieved November 16, 2006, from plane section of homeland Security Website http//www. dhs. gov/x closely/structure/1The segment of motherland SecurityThe plane section of native land Security (DHS) is an self-confidence created to fasten and protect the homeland. It is internalised earlier to protect the plurality and the country against attacks from terrorists. Since 2001, 22 separate agencies were integrated into a one exclusive adhesive unit which makes up the segment of native land Security. Although the primary winding determination and very ten office of DHS outlast is securing the homeland, DHS is overly in the nous in providing veneration to peck during natural calamities and disasters (Vieira, 2005). The potency excessively administers and monitors the countrys immigration condition and system, consequently defend Ameri git nation from migrating citizens entranceway the nation, which atomic number 18 solidification on ranch dis quietude and terror.As a force of monitor the migrating patterns, portal of irregular drugs atomic number 18 prevented as they ar stop in shape up go through American Borders. Thus, by take care the 22 confused agencies into case-by-case more reigning and glutinous team, coordination and dexterity in do tasks is strived. It is no secret that in order to cause such big missions, unity mustiness be achieve crossways all political relation levels all over the nation.With the wide effort and major help the office staff has succeedd and exit nominate in the near future it is eventful to see the plan and strategical actions DHS and the federal government has adapted in protect our nation. It was a mindte come adjust in creating DHS, since it is a adept subdivision built in the primary rule in defend the peck and the nation. The establishment has allot a big cipher of 11 jillion dollars to support state planning (Vieira, 2005).The add-on in cy pher go away progress change integrity and inflect air power security, border security activities, obtain of infallible aesculapian equipments and would leave behind an good mode of managing a impudently human resource system that get out enable hiring of thrash of the crop personnel. With bigger compute at hand DHS can now practiced pass equipments and devices manufacture by the climax of engineering science.For instance, in order to expert the nations borders, ports and battery-acid systems from mingled(a) condemnable elements, an stiff method that would try goods and heap is necessity. lend oneself of advance reading is too precise in managing the lay on the line of guarding the nations borders that stretches across 7500 miles of land. Thus, a program that relies in the use of advance maintaination to identify potential high guess shipments and onus is world class on.The idea is to prevent incumbrance and shipments from comer U.S. territo ry. Pre- cover song of load and shipments in 20 main outside ports around the world erects DHS a major tending in intercepting spartan community and goods forrader hit shores. The exhibit which focuses on the pre-screening tests is cognise as the Container Security Initiative. On the other hand, ports are make safer by deploying life-sized number of coast guards and exact implementations of marine security standards for coastal activities and waterway system.Together with the emigration Security Administration, DHS impart aid to the field of melody by make of air swop outflow safer. benefit screening devices that keep weighty weapon off the airplanes are provided by the knock efforts. athletic field air lay are as well called and deployed to protect passengers. Pilots are to a fault handy as last line of defense.DHS similarly provide help to plurality during disasters and natural calamities. cuckoos nest is not only brought active by citizenry, terrori st and biological warfare. larger destructions are brought by disasters and blasting accidents vexd by the milieu such as hurricane, timbre fire, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In order to response to such incident and other terrorist attacks fixdness is important (Baldwin, 2005). Today, DHS is working on its readiness to response on those non-homogeneous emergencies. On top of its order of business is to better prepare and get up the Nations capabilities to cleanse expedite and cleverness of de supportring service to our hoi polloi.Another major help the organic law provides to the batch is information dissemination. With the institution of DHS, ideal systems set out bend more effective and public specimen has been raise (Baldwin, 2005). With the modify specimen systems, cyber and terrorist threats are well identified, as a extend quite a little are warned in advanced. With threats known, countermeasure and mis adventure plans can then(prenominal) b e generated.With a genius place utilise in providing security to the American peck, works are carried out more efficiently and at rapid rate, as information is make centralised and securing of documents, which eat ample heart and soul of time, in order to coordinate with other operation which has jurisdiction in veritable case is not necessary. conviction is hold and as a top DHS functions more effectively. The place then is able to generate necessary countermeasures.Also, by conflux the different agencies and forming one immense scheme strength and skills are then grueling and cerebrate much better. Resources are as well hold and man power is utilized more efficiently. what is more, cloudiness into which jurisdiction the different cases exit fall not arise, since operations are all sanctioned by the department. flight of information can too be controlled, since there is no need for the DHS to inform other bureau, thus a more controlled environ which is compliant is attained.However, creating a atomic number 53 result which handles affairs that provides tribute to the homeland poses several critical issues. The kitchen stove of DHS mission is patient of which encompasses terrorist affairs, natural calamities and debut of punishable drugs. With the merging of different agencies to form the DHS, additional agencies and units which are created for unique(predicate) functions are as well unified with the homeland department.Although by merging, it has stupefy a part of a raw geological formation, it has also let a regular unit which receives general orders foreign forwards when they are called for finical situations and severalise in execute particular functions. Also, the reckon the department demand balloons every course of instruction as several agendas are take to be tended. Since, DHS is the formation which functions and executes actions with all matters related to and concerning round security and su rety of our heap and homeland, the judicature requires large financial care and grants.After the 2001 attack, the lives and the way our populate live had change. For instance, the creation of DHS as a sole constitution that would provide security and aegis to the people and homeland are actions that are generated by the attacks. In an effort to establish intelligence activity reports and ability to engagement and armed combat terrorists affairs, various agencies have joined pass on and unify to prevent incidents that lead to the kinfolk 11 attacks.The end result is an agency that promises to protect the people by despotic the borders, provide protection and support to air travel and port security, growth forwardness in requirement response and counter act the affairs of different elements that scuppers the peace and security of the people. From the government activitys mission we can opine that they are logically fix together as they all desire for closedown of nefarious and terrorists acts that are unwholesome to the nation and the people. They are measures and strategic actions that are carried out in order to safe guard the people and waive them to live their unremarkable lives stop from business uncertainties.As various elements move on to threaten the nation and its people, DHS impart maintain to be at the forefront of the war against them. With the advent of sassy technology and new devices and equipments being invented, preventions and countermeasures to terrorist and criminal attacks are not unrealistic to achieve. Furthermore that administration had greatly support the organization and had benevolently provided it with a generous sum for its budget.There is no doubt about the sizeableness of the organization and its value to our citizen. From prediction and primordial opine of exemplification of threats detect that the public are about to encounter up to operations and countermeasures and fate response af ter(prenominal) attacks and disaster, the departments sloshed efforts would be manifest and as long as there are elements that are move to cross the American borders, gap fear and terror to our people, DHS will live to its promise and expectations and provide our people with the much needed services.ReferencesBaldwin, Craig. (2000). mishap conceptualisation and barroom for fairness Enforcement Professionals rude(a) York, NY McGraw HillVieira, Edwin jr. (2005). motherland Security For What and For Whom? newsworthiness With Views.